Special Needs Trust

WHAT IS A SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST?

SUPPLEMENTAL NEEDS TRUST IN NEW YORK STATE

A Way to Help Preserve Asset Sensitive Government Benefits for Disabled Persons Since 1993

STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS WITH SNT

Special Needs Trusts in Personal Injury Settlement Planning  

Plaintiffs with special needs deserve special consideration to avoid the potential loss of entitlement benefits (SSI, Medicaid, etc) following a personal injury settlement


This might occur if the recipient obtains assets and/or income that exceed the statutory qualification thresholds (asset threshold usually $2000). In the exceptional case where the award is significantly greater than the lifetime value of the entitlement benefits, the loss of those benefits may be of little consequence. However, in many settlements, benefit termination is an economic disadvantage for the injured party and may produce a worse financial situation than prior to settlement. Under this scenario, the injured party must first exhaust the awarded funds before reapplying for entitlement benefits. During that period of time, they have no income and risk tougher scrutiny as they attempt to re-qualify for benefits.


Even a large award may inadequately replace terminated entitlement benefits, depending on the life expectancy and medical condition of an injured party. When the disabling injury occurs to a minor, entitlement benefits may not be available due to the combined assets of their family. However, a Special Needs Trust may still be appropriate as the child can become eligible once independent of his/her family at age 18.

     

Summary of general requirements of a Special Needs Trust


An appropriate Special Needs Trust (Supplemental Needs Trust in New York) must be drafted by legal counsel to comply with the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1993 [revised 42 U.S.C. 1396 p(d)(4)] and approved by the court as part of the settlement agreement or release. As part of the trust agreement, the injured party must meet the definition of disability under Social Security and,

1. may not own or have direct access to the trust fund, and the trust must be irrevocable.

2. Individual must be under age 65

3. Trust must be irrevocable

4. The injured party cannot be the grantor or settlor of the trust; trustee and successor trustees must be other than the injured party; and trustees have absolute discretion regarding the disbursement of funds for supplementary needs

5. Must comply with Medicaid lien provision. Pursuant to Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1993 [revised 42 U.S.C. 1396 p(d)(4)] assets held in a trust are not considered assets of the individual. Beneficiaries of trusts that comply with the Act's provisions need not exhaust trust assets to qualify for Medicaid or certain other government assistance, since the assets of this kind of trust don't count in determining eligibility for Medicaid. When the beneficiary dies, however, the State gets back from the trust whatever it paid for medical care on the trust beneficiary's behalf. "A trust containing assets of an individual under Age 65 who is disabled….and which is established by a parent, grandparent, legal guardian of the individual or the Court, if the State will receive all amounts remaining in the trust upon the death of such individual up to an amount equal to the total medical assistance paid on behalf of the individual under a State Plan under this title" (the Medicaid Title)


Trust funds may not be used to provide for rent, clothing, or food, only for expenses not covered by entitlement benefits.


For more information about Settlement Trusts and the role of trustees please watch our introduction to settlement trusts  on Talking Settlement by clicking below


Special Needs Links

42 US Code §1396a

Medicaid website

SSI Federal Payments Amounts

Eligibility for SSI

State Medicaid Websites

V-Article-Urbatsch-Fuller-Traps-for-the-Unwary-During-SNT-Administration.pdf (urblaw.com)




We work with special needs and elder law attorneys and fiduciaries throughout the United States as part of a settlement planning team to benefit the injured party and family members with direct or derivative claims.  There are all in trust solutions as well customized solutions with directed trusts that break out the fiduciary and investment functions and accommodate multilingual claimants. Call us to discuss your case.


Last updated February 21, 2024

 


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